Even higher-end microcontrollers often have small caches or offer them as options — the performance benefits are too large to ignore, even in ultra-low-power designs.
How L1 and L2 CPU Caches Work & Why They're Essential
The development of caches and caching is one of the most significant events in the history of computing. Virtually every modern CPU core (from ultra-low power chips to the highest-end Intel Core i9) uses caches. Below, we break down how L1 and L2 CPU caches work, why they're essential to modern chips, plus the best and worst CPUs of all time.

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Best and Worst CPUS
The annals of history are already stuffed with mediocre products that didn’t quite meet expectations but weren’t truly bad.
We’ve already covered the worst CPUs ever built, so it seemed time to flip around and talk about the best ones. The question, of course, is how do we define “best?”
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. In this article, we’ve rounded up the first decades of history, from the 4004 in 1971 to the Pentium Pro in 1994.
Before we dive into the other CPUs in Intel’s overall history, in celebrating the 40th anniversary of the 8086, let’s take a moment to further discuss the Pentium Pro.